Heat-not-burn products, also known as heated tobacco products (HTPs), are smokeless alternatives that heat tobacco to a high enough temperature to release nicotine and other chemicals without burning the tobacco. Nonetheless, the tobacco within these products is heated to a temperature lower than that of combustion, resulting in an aerosol that users inhale. Typically, heated tobacco products...

Carbonated drinks, sometimes known as fizzy drinks or sodas, are liquids that contain dissolved carbon dioxide gas. The process of carbonation produces bubbles, giving the drink a lively or effervescent quality. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the liquid through pressurization, and when the pressure is released (for instance, when a can or bottle is opened), the gas is expelled, creating a...

Wood-based panels are engineered wood products made by combining wood fibers, particles, or veneers with adhesives under heat and pressure. These panels serve as a versatile and cost-effective alternative to solid wood, widely used in construction, furniture, interior decoration, and packaging industries. Common types include plywood, particleboard, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented...

Nano copper oxide is a nanostructured form of copper oxide (CuO) that possesses distinct properties compared to its bulk form, primarily due to its extremely small particle size and high surface area. It is known for its excellent electrical conductivity, thermal stability, catalytic efficiency, and strong antimicrobial activity. These unique characteristics make it highly useful in various...

Cheese powder is simply dried cheese that is manufactured and marketed in a variety of flavours, including cheddar, parmesan, and mozzarella. The predominant commercial method for producing cheese powder involves melting fresh cheese, followed by spraying it through a hot dryer to yield a coarse powder. Cheese powder provides a distinctive blend of taste, flavor, functionality, and convenience...

Hiking gear and equipment encompasses the clothing, tools, and accessories essential for a safe and enjoyable hiking experience. This includes items such as backpacks, trekking poles, tents, sleeping bags, navigation devices, and specialized footwear and apparel. Each component is designed to enhance comfort, performance, and safety in outdoor environments. For instance, weather-resistant...

Graphic paper refers to a category of paper products primarily used for printing, writing, and publishing applications, including books, newspapers, magazines, catalogs, brochures, and office documents. It encompasses various types such as coated, uncoated, newsprint, and specialty printing papers designed to deliver high-quality print clarity and performance. While the rise of digital media...

Coffee concentrates are a strong, liquid form of coffee made by brewing with a high coffee-to-water ratio. This results in a rich extract that can be easily mixed with water, milk, or other liquids to create drinks like lattes, iced coffee, or cold brew. Known for their convenience, coffee concentrates allow users to enjoy a quick cup without the need for traditional brewing. They’re...

The grid-connected microgrid market focuses on localized energy systems that operate alongside the main utility grid. Unlike off-grid systems, these microgrids can function both independently and in coordination with the central grid, enhancing energy reliability, efficiency, and flexibility. They typically include a mix of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar, wind, battery...

Wine is an alcoholic drink generally produced from the fermentation of grapes or other fruits. This beverage is among the oldest and most widely enjoyed alcoholic drinks globally, boasting a rich history that spans thousands of years. The fundamental method of wine production involves the fermentation of crushed grapes or fruit juice by yeast, which transforms the sugars present in the juice...