Chemical pollution control requires multifaceted approaches integrating prevention, technological innovation, and regulatory frameworks to mitigate environmental and health impacts. Effective strategies operate across the entire chemical lifecycle.

Primary Prevention through Green Chemistry is foundational, focusing on designing inherently safer chemicals and processes that minimize or eliminate hazardous substance generation. This includes developing biodegradable alternatives, non-toxic catalysts, and closed-loop manufacturing systems to address pollution at its source.

Advanced Treatment Technologies form the core of end-of-pipe solutions. For wastewater, these include membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and biological treatment systems using specialized microbes. Air pollution control employs scrubbers, catalytic converters, and adsorption systems with activated carbon or zeolites. Soil remediation utilizes thermal desorption, bioremediation, and chemical stabilization.

Monitoring and Digital Management Systems enable proactive control through real-time sensors, IoT networks, and predictive analytics to detect leaks and optimize treatment processes. Circular Economy Integration transforms waste streams into resources through chemical recycling, byproduct valorization, and industrial symbiosis networks.

Regulatory and Policy Instruments provide essential frameworks, including emission limits, chemical registrations (REACH), and extended producer responsibility schemes. Combined, these strategies create layered defense systems that progressively reduce chemical pollution through innovation, technology, and systematic management.